CHICKEN English meaning

Chickens are common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018update. Breeding increased under the Roman Empire and reduced in the Middle Ages. Middle Eastern chicken remains go back to a little earlier than 2000 BC in Syria.

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To initiate courting, some roosters may dance in a circle around or near a hen (a circle dance), often lowering the wing which is closest to the hen. Chickens give different warning calls to indicate that a predator is approaching from the air or on the ground. A male’s crowing is a loud and sometimes shrill call, serving as a territorial signal to other males, and in response to sudden disturbances within their surroundings. Chickens are capable of mobbing and killing a weak or inexperienced predator, such as a young fox.

The first pictures of chickens in Europe are found on Corinthian pottery of the 7th century BC. Phoenicians spread chickens along the Mediterranean coasts as far as Iberia. These chickens may have been introduced during pre-Columbian times to South America via Polynesian seafarers, but this is disputed. Skeletons of birds in the Gallus genus were used as grave goods at the site, confirming domestication. The chicks imprint on the hen and subsequently follow her continually.

• Mating typically involves a sequence in which the male approaches the female and performs a waltzing display.
• Chickens are capable of mobbing and killing a weak or inexperienced predator, such as a young fox.
• Descendants of those domestications have spread throughout the world in several waves for at least the last 2,000 years.
• Large numbers of embryos can be provided commercially; fertilized eggs can easily be opened and used to observe the developing embryo.
• Farmers have developed numerous breeds and varieties to fulfill commercial requirements.

A flock usually includes one dominant adult male, a few subdominant males, and two or more females that are carefully watched over by the dominant male. Chicks are born covered in down, but they mature quickly, becoming fully feathered after four to five weeks. Fertilized embryos develop quickly, and chicks hatch approximately 21 days later. There is some debate about what the chicken’s scientific name should be. Chickens have been featured in art in farmyard scenes such as Adriaen van Utrecht’s 1646 Turkeys and Chickens and Walter Osborne’s 1885 Feeding the Chickens.

Reproduction and life-cycle

Some breeds have a mutation that causes extra feathering under the face, giving the appearance of a beard. Modern varieties however grow much faster; by day 35 a Ross 708 broiler may weigh 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) as against https://eaub.info/ the 1.05 kg (2.3 lb) of a heritage chicken of the same age. Newly hatched chicks of both modern and heritage varieties weigh the same, about 37 g (1.3 oz). While the origin is Germanic, it is unclear exactly where the word came from, although it could ultimately have come from an imitation of the sound a chicken makes.

The parasite Dermanyssus gallinae feeds on blood, causing irritation and reducing egg production, and acts as a vector for bacterial diseases such as salmonellosis and spirochaetosis.Viral diseases include avian influenza. Genomic studies estimated that the chicken was domesticated 8,000 years ago in Southeast Asia and spread to China and India 2,000 to 3,000 years later. Fertile chicken eggs hatch at the end of the incubation period, about 21 days; the chick uses its egg tooth to break out of the shell.